A Interview Questions- selenium

Automation testing Interview Questions

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1. What is Automation Testing?

Automation testing is the process of testing the software using an automation tool to find the defects. In this process, executing the test scripts and generating the results are performed automatically by using automation tool. Some most popular tools do automation testing are HP QTP/UFT, SELENIUM Webdriver, etc.,

2. What are the benefits of automation testing?

· Saves time and money .Automation testing is faster in execution.

· Reusability code, create one time and execute multiple times with less or no maintenance.

· Easy reporting .It generates automatic reports after the test execution.

· Easy for compatibility testing .It enables parallel execution in the combination of different OS and browser environments.

· Low cost maintenance. It is cheaper compared to manual testing in a long run.

· Automated testing is more reliable

· Automated testing is more powerful and versatile.

· It is mostly used for regression testing. Support execution of repeated test cases.

· Minimal manual interventions. test scripts can be run unattended.

· Maximum coverage. It helps to increase test coverage.

3. What types of test you have attended?

Our main focus is to automat test cases to do regression testing. Smoke Testing and sanity testing .Sometimes based on the projects and the test time estimation, we do focus on END to END testing.

4. How many test cases you have attended per day?

It depends on Test case scenario complexity and length. I did automate 2-5 test scenarios per day when the complexity is limited. Sometimes, just 1 or fewer test scenarios in a day when the complexity is high.

5. What is Framework?

A Frame work defines set of rules or best practices which can follow in a Systematic way to achieve the desired results. There are different types automation frameworks and the most common ones are:

· Data driven Testing Framework.

· Keyword driven Testing framework

· Hybrid Testing Frame work.

6. Have you created any Framework?

If you are a beginner: No, I did not get a chance to create a frame work. I have used the framework which is already available.

I your are experience tester: Yes, I have created a framework. Or I have involved in the creation of framework.

7. Can you explain the framework which you have used in selenium project?

-Note need to see other link Page abject model.

8. Why do you prefer selenium Automation tool?

· Free and Open source.

· Have large user base and helping communities.

· Cross browser capability.

· Platform compatibility.

· Multiple programming language support.

9. What is selenium?

Selenium is an Open Source (free) automated testing suite to test web applications.It supports different platforms and browsers. It has gained a lot of popularity in terms of web based automated testing and giving a great competitions to the famous commercial tool HP QTP AKA HP UFT(Unified functional testing).

Selenium is a set of different software tools . Each tool has a different approach in supporting web based automation testing.

It has four components testing namely.

i. Selenium IDÉ (Integrated Development Environment)

ii. Selenium RC(Remote control)

iii. Selenium Web Driver.

iv. Selenium Grid.

10. What is selenium IDE?

Selenium IDE is a Firefox plug-in. It is the simplest framework in the selenium suite. It allows to record and playback the scripts. Even though we can create scripts using Selenium IDE . We need to use Selenium RC or Selenium Web Drive to write more advanced and robust test cases.

11. What is selenese?

Selenese is the language which is used to write test scripts in selenium IDE.

12. Which is the only browser that supports Selenium IDE to be used?

Firefox.

13. What is Selenium RC?

Selenium RC AKA Selenium 1. Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time before the webDriver merge brought up selenium 2. Selenium 1 is still actively supported (in maintenance mode). It relies on JavaScript for automation. It Supports Java, JavaScript, Ruby, PHP, Python, perl, Ruby.

14. What is selenium WebDriver?

Selenium WebDriver AKA Selenium2 is a browser automation framework that accepts commands and sends them to a browser. It is implemented through a browser-specific driver. It controls the browser by directly communicating with it. Selenium Web Driver Supports Java,C#, PHP,Python,Perl,Ruby.

15. What is selenium Grid?

Selenium Grid is a tool used together with Selenium RC to run test on different machines against different browsers in parallel. That is, running multiple tests at the same time against different machines running different browsers and Operating systems.

In Simple word sit is used to distribute your test execution on multiple platforms and Environment concurrently.

16. When do you use Selenium Grid?

Selenium Grid can be used to execute same or different test scripts on multiple platforms and browsers concurrently so as to achieve distributed test execution.

17. What are the advantages of Selenium Grid?

It allows running test case in parallel thereby saving test execution time.

It allows multi-Browser testing.

It allows us to execute test cases on Multi-Platform

18. What is a Hub in Selenium Grid?

A hub is a server or a central point that controls the test execution on different machines.

19. What is a node in Selenium Grid?

Node is a machine which is attached to the hub. There can be multiple nodes in Selenium Grid.

20. What are the types of Web Driver APIs AVAILABLE IN Selenium?

· Firefox Driver.

· Gecko Driver.

· Internet Explorer Driver.

· Chrome Drive.

· HTMLUNIT Driver.

· Opera Driver.

· Safari Diver.

· Android Driver.

· IPhone Driver.

· EventFiringWebDriver

21. Which Web Driver Implementation claims to be the fastest?

The Fastest implementation of WebDriver Is the HTMLUnitDriver. It is because the HTMLUnitDriver does execute tests in the browser.

22. What are the programming language supported by Selenium WebDriver?

· Java

· C#

· Python

· RUBY

· Perl

· PHP

23. What are the Operating systems supported by Selenium WebDriver?

· Windows

· Linux

· Apple

24. What are the Open Source Frameworks Supported by Selenium WebDriver?

· JUnit

· Testng

· Cucumber

· JBHEAVE

25. What are the Locators Available in Selenium?

· ID

· ClassName

· Name

· TagName

· LinkText

· PartialLinkText

· Xpath

· CSS Selector.

26. What is XPath?

XPath is used to locate the elements Using XPath, we could navigate through elements and attributes in an XML documents to locate web elements such as textbox,button,Checkbox,Image etc., in a web page.

27. What is the difference between “/” and “//”?

Single slash “/” – Single slash is used to create XPath with absolute path i.e the XPath would be created to start selection from the document node/start node.

Double slash”//”- Double slash is used to create XPath i.e the XPath would be created to start selection from anywhere within the document.

28. What is the difference between Absolute Path and Relative Path?

Absolute XPath starts from the root node and ends with desired descendent element node. It starts with top HTML Node and ends input node. It starts with a single word slash(/) as shown as below.

/html/ body/div[3]/div[1]/form/table/tbody/tr[1]/td/input

Relative XPath starts from any node between the HTML page to the current elements node [last node of the element). It starts with a single forward slash (//) as shown below.

//input [@id=’email’]

29. What is the difference between Assert and Verify in Selenium?

Assert: In simple words , if the assert condition is true then the program control will execute the next test step but if the condition is false , the execution will stop and further test step willnotbe executed.

Verify: In Simple words , there won’t be any halt in the test execution even though the verify condition is true or false.

For detailed post check the below link:

Assert Vs. Verify.

30. What are Soft Assert and Hard Assert in Selenium?

Soft Assert: Soft Assert collects error during @ Test Soft Assert does not throw an exception when an assert fails and would continue with the next step after the assert statement.

Hard Assert: Hard Assert throws an Assert Exception immediately when an assert statement fails and Test suite continues with next @Test

Detailed post: Soft Assert

31. What are the verification points available in selenium?

In Selenium IDE, we use Selenese Verify and Assert Commands as verification points

In Selenium Web Driver , there is no built-in features for verification points . It totally depends on our coding styles. Some of the verification points are.

To check for page title

To check for certain text

To check for certain elements (text box, button, drop down ,etc.,)

32. How to launch a browser using Selenium WebDriver?

WebDriver is an interface. We create Object of a WebDriver Interface.

To Launch Firefox driver: WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

To Launch Chrome Driver: WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();

To Launch Internet Explorer : WebDriver driver= new InternetExplorerDriver();

33. Is the FirefoxDriver a Class or an Interface?

FirefoxDriver is a Java Class, and it implements the WebDriver Interface.

34.What is the Super Interface of WebDriver?

SearchContext.

35. Explain the line of code Webdriver driver= new FirefoxDriver();?

WebDriver driver= new FirefoxDriver();

“WebDriver” is an interface and we are creating an object reference type driver instantiating on object of FirefoxDriver class.

36.Why do we create a reference variable ‘driver’ of type WebDriver

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();(Note important: this concept is Dynamic polymorphism)

Instead of writing

Firefox Driver = new FirefoxDriver();

What was the purpose of doing this way?

If we create a reference variable driver of type WebDriver then we could use the same driver variable to work with any browsers of our choice such as IEDriver,SafariDriver etc.,

37. What are the different exceptions you have faced in Selenium WebDriver?

· WebDriverException

· TimeOutException

· NoAlertPresentException

· NoSuchWindowException

· NoSuchElementException

· StaleElementReferenceException

· IllegalStateException

38. How to login into Any Site it it is showing Authentication Pop-Up for Username and Password?

To do this we pass Username and Password using the URL

http://username:password@url

e.g http://myUserName:my Password@siftwaretestingmaterial.com

e.g http://admin:admin123@xyz.com

39. What are the types of waits available in selenium WebDriver?

In Selenium we could see three type of waits such as “Implicit waits, Explicit Waits and fluent wait and Pageload wait waits and Thread .Seep().(NOTE :Please go through videos and learn what these waits are it is important).

· Implicit

· Explicit

· Fluent

· Pageload

· Thread.sleep()—Static wait

40. What is Implicit wait in Selenium WebDriver?

Implicit wait tell to the WebDriver to wait for a certain amount of time before it throws an exception. Once we set the time, WebDriver will wait for the element based on the time we set before it throws an exception The default setting is 0. We need to set some wait time to make WebDriver wait for the required time.

41. What is Web Driver or Explicit wait in Selnium WebDriver?

WebDriver wait is applied on a certain element with defined exception condition and time. This wait is only applied to the specified element. This wait can also throw an exception when an element is not found.

42. What is fluent wait in selenium webdriver?

Fluent wait can define the maximum amount of time to wait for a specific condition and frequency with which to check the condition before throwing an “ElementNotVisibleException” exception.

43. How to input text in the box using Selenium WebDriver?

By using SendKeys() method

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

Driver.get(http://www.gmail.com”);

Driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpath”)).sendKeys(“Software Testing material Website”);

44.How to input text in the text box without calling the sendKeys()?

//To initialize JS object

JavascriptExecutor JS=(JavascriptExecutor)driver;

//To ener Username

JS.executeScript(“document.getElementById(‘User’).value=’Siftwaretesting material’ “);

// To enter password

JS.executeScript(“document.getElementById(‘Password’).value=’tester’ “);

45.How to clear the text in the text box using Selenium Webdriver?

By Using Clear() method.

WebDriver driver= new FirefoxDriver();

Driver.get(http://www.gmail.com);

Driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpath_of_element1”)).sendKeys(“Software Testing materials”);

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpath_of_element1”)).clear();

46. How to get text of a web element?

By using getText() method

47. How to get an attribute value using Selenium WebDriver?

By using getAttribute(value);

48. How to click on a Hyperlink Using Selelnium WebDriver?

We use Click()method in selenium to click on the hyperlink

driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Software Testing Material”);).click();

49. How to submit a form using Selenium WebDriver?

We use Submit () method on element to submit a form

driver.findElement(By.id(“form_1”).submit();

Alternatively, you can use click method on the element which does form submission

50. How to Press Enter Key on text box in Selenium Webdriver?

To press ENTER key using selenium webdriver. We need to use selenium Enum Keys which its costant ENTER.

driver.findElement(BY.xpath(“xpath”)).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

51. How to pause a test execution for 5 Seconds at a specific point?

By using java.lang.Thread.sleep(long milliseconds) method we could pause the execution for a specific time.To pause 5 seconds , we need to pass parameter as 5000(5 seconds)

Thread.sleep(5000

52. In Selenium server needed to run Selenium WebDriver Scripts?

When we are distributing our selenium Webdriver scripts to execute using selenium Grid, we need to use selenium script.

53. What happens if I run this command?

driver.get(www.softwaretestingmaterial.com);

An exception is thrown. We need to pass HTTP protocol within driver.get()method.

Driver.get(http://www.sofwaretestingmaterial.com);

54. What is the Alternate to driver.get() method to open an URL using selenium WebDriver?

Alternate method to driver.get(“url”) method is driver.navigate.to(“url”);

55. What is the difference between driver.get (“url”) and driver.navigate.to (“url”)?

Driver.get(): To Open an URL and it will wait till the whole page gets loaded

Driver.navigate.to(): To navigate to an URL and it will not wait till the whole page is loaded

56. Can I Navigate back and forth in a browser in SeleniumWebdriver?

We use navigate Interface to do navigate back and forth in a browser. It has methods to move back, forward as well as to refresh the page.

driver.navigate().forward() :- to navigate to next web page with refrence to the browsers history.

driver.navigate().back:- Takesback t the previous web page with refrence to thebrowser history

driver.navigate().refresh:- To refresh the current web page thereby reloading all the web elements.

Driver.navigate().to(”url”):-to launch a new web browser and navigate to the specified URL.

57. What are the different type of navigation commands?

Refer above question (Can I navigate back and forth in a browser).

58. How to fetch current page URL IN SELENIUM?

To fetch current page url, we use getCurrentURL();

Driver.getCurrentURL

59. How can we maximize browser window in selenium?

To maximize browser window in selenium we use Maximize () method. This method maximizes the current window if it is not already maximized.

Driver.manage().window().maximize();

60. How to delete cookies in selenium?

To delete cookies we use deleteAllCookies()method.

61.What are the ways to refresh a browser using Selenium Web Driver?

There are multiple ways to refresh a page in selenium

· Using driver.navigate().refresh() command as mentioned in the question 45

· Usinf driver.get(“url” on the current url or using driver.getCurrentUrl()

· Using driver.navigate().to("url”) on the current url or driver.navigate().to(driver.getCurrentUrl());

· Using SendKeys(Keys.F5) on the text box on the web page.

62.What is the difference between driver.getWindowHandle() and driver.getWindowHandles() in selenium Webdriver?

driver.getWindowHandle():-It returns the handle of the current page(a unique identifier)

driver.getWindoWindowHandles():- It returns a setoff handles of all the pagesavailable.

63. What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit() methods?

Purpose of these two methods is almost same .Both allow us to close a browser but still, there is a difference.

Driver.close():-To close current WebDriver instance

Driver.quite():- To closeall theopened webdriver instances.

64.What is difference between driver.findElement() and driver. findElements() commands?

The difference between driver.findElement and driver.findElements commands is

· findElement() return a single WebElement(found first) based on the locator passed as parameter. Whereas findElements() returns a list of WebElemnts, all satisfying the locator value passed.

· Syntax of findElement

· WebElement textbox= driver.findElement(By.id(:textBoxLocator”));

· Syntax of findElements()

· List<webElement> elements=elements.findElements(By.id(“value”));

· Another difference between two is :-if no element is found then findElement() thows NoSuchElementException whereas findElements() returns a list of 0 elements.

65.How to find whether an element is displayed on the web page?

WebDriver facilitates the user with the following methods to check the visibility of the web elements. These Web elements can be buttons, drop boxes checkboxes, -radio buttons ,lables etc.

1 is displayed

2Boolean elepresent =driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpath”)).isDisplayed();

3 is selected

4 boolean eleseected=diver.findElement((By.xpath(“xpath”)).isSelected(0;

5 isenabled

6 boolean eleEnabled=driver.findElement(By.xpath”)).isEnabled();

isDisplayed:-

· It is a method used to verify the presence of a web element within the web page.The method return true value if the specified web element is present on the web page and a ‘false “ value if the web element is not present on the web page.

· isDisplayes():-it is capable to check for the presence of all kinds of web elements available.

· isEnabled():-it is the method used to verify the web element is enabled or disabled with in the web page.

· IsEnabled is primarlly used with buttons.

· IsSeleleted();-It is the method to verify if the web element is selected or not

· IsSelectedmethod is is predominantly used with radio button , drop down and check boxes.

66.How to select a value in a dropdown?

By using select class

WebElement mySelelctElement=driver.findElement(By.name(“dropdown”));

Select dropdown =new Select(mySelectElement);

Dropdown.selectByVisibleText(Text);

Dropdown.selectByIndex(Index);

Dropdown.selectByValue(value);

67. How to capture a screenshort in selenium Web driver?

By using TakeScreenshort Interface.

Click on below links to see posts related to the normal way of capturing a screen short and capturing a screen short using aShort utility

Capture screenshort using selenium WebDriver--link

FullPage Screenshort using aShortutility--link

Failed Teste cases screenshorts.—link

68.How to Mouse Over on a web element using WebDriver

By Using Action class

webElement ele=driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpath”));

//Create object ‘actoin’ of an Action Class

Actions action=newActions(driver);

//Mouse over on an element

Action.moveToElement (ele).perform();

69.How can we handle web based pop up?

To handle alerts popup we need to do switch to the alter window and call Selenium WebDriver Alert API methods

70.How can we handle Window bases pop-ups?

Selenium does not support Window based applications. It isan automation testing tool which supports only web based application testing. We could handle window based pop-ups in selenium using some third party tool such as AutoIT, Robot classetc.,

71. How to handle hidden elements in Selenium WebDriver?

It is one of the most important selenium interview questions.

We can handle hidden elements by using javascript Executor.

(JavascriptExecutor(driver)).executescript(“document .getElementsByClassName(ElementLocator).Click();”);

72. How can you find Broken Links in a page using Selenium WebDriver?

See my video its concept of 30 minutes.

73. How to find more than one web element in the list?

To store the list

List <WebElement> eleList=driver.findElements(By.xpath(“xpath”));

//To fetch the size of the list

Int ListSize=eleLise.size();

//for loop

For(int i=0;i<listsize;i++)

{

//Clicking on each link

Links.get(i).click();

//navigate back to the preivious pae the stores the links

Driver.navgate().back();

}

74. How to read a JavaScript variable in Selenium WebDriver?

By using JavaScript Executor.

//To initialize js object

JavascriptExecutor JS=(JavascriptExecutor)webdriver;

//To get the site tittle

String title=(String)JS.executescript(“returndocument.title”);

System.out.println(‘title of the webpage:”+title);

75. How to read test data from excels?

Test data can be efficiently be read from excel using JXL OR POI API. POI API has many advantages than JXL.

76. It is possible to automate the captcha using selenium?

No, it is not possible to automate captcha and bar code reader.

77.List some scenarios which we cannot automate using selenium WebDriver?

1. Bitmap comparison it is not possible using Selenium WebDriver.

2. Automating Captcha it not possible using selenium webdriver.

3. We cannot read barcode using selenium webdriver.

4. Windows OS based Popups.

5. Third party calendars/elements

6. Image

7. World/Pdf

78.What is Object Repository in selenium WebDriver?

Object Repository is used to store element locator values in a centralized location instead of hard coding them within the scripts. We do create a property file (.Properties) to store all the elements locators and these property files act as an object repository in selenium Web Driver.

79. How can you use the Recovery Scenario in Selenium WebDriver?

By using”Try Catch Block” within the selenium WebDriver Java tests.

Try{

Driver.get(“www.xyz.com”);

}catch(Exception e){

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

}

80. How to upload afile in selenium webdriver?

There are two cases which are majorly used to upload a file in selenium webdriver.

Such as usingSendKeysmethod and using AutoIT script.

Example: SendKeys(c:\\test\\bindu.jpg); condition is that browser Button type should be file

81. Hot to download a file in selenium webdriber?

By using AutoIt script,we coul download a filein selenium webdriver.

82. How to run Selenium WebDriver Test from the command line?

Run Java Program using Command Prompt

Example class A{

}

cd c

c:javac A.java—here code complies

c:java A.java-here code executes by interpretor.

Run TestNG using Command Prompt

Java.org.testng.TestNG C:\Users\Desktop\Workspace\testing\testig.xml

83.How to switch between frames in selenium?

By using the following code we could switch between frames.

Driver.switchTo.frame(here we can pass id or name or index);

84. How to connect a Database in selenium?

As we all know Selenium WebDriver is a tool to automate User Interface. We could only interact with browser using selenium web driver

We use JDBC driver to connect the database in selenium(While using Java Programming language)

85.How to Resize browser window using selenium web driver?

To resize the browser window to particular dimensions , we use ‘Dimension’ class to resize the browser window

Example:

//Create object of Dimension class

Dimension d =new Dimension(480,620);

//Resize the current window to the given dimensions

Driver.manage().window().setSize(d);

86. How to Scroll Web Page Down or Up Using Selenium WebDriver?

JavaScript scrollBy() method scrolls the document by the specified number or pixels.

87.How to perform Right click action (Context click) in selenium webdriver?

We use Action class in selenium webdriver to do Right-Click (Context click) actions.

Example:

Action.contextClick(rightClickElement).build().perform();

88.How to perform double click action in selenium webdriver?

We use Action class to do Double click action in selenium

89.How to perform Drag and drop actions in Selenium webdriver?

We use action class to Drag and Drop Action

Example:

Action action=new Action(driver);

Action.clickAndHold(driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//*[@id=’draggable’]”)))

.moveToElement(driver.findElement(Bt.xpath(“//*[id@=’droppable’]”)))

.release()

.build()

.perform();

90. How to Highlight Element using Selenium WebDriver?

By using JavascriptExecutor interface,we could highlight the specified element

***Important concept javascriptExecutor please go through that concept in my video.

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Ø Challenges faced using Selenium Automation testing, and how to solve them

Selenium at times fails to function correctly in a dynamic event or change take place duting the test cycle. A few common problems faced are listed below, along with how to mitigate them with selenium automation

1. Image or Text overlapping issues

2. No facility to deal with Captcha, bar code.

3. Does not support any non web based like(Win32,Java Applet, Java Swing,.Net client server etc) applications.

4. When you compare selenium with QTP ,SILK TEST, Test Partner and RFT, there are many challenges in terms of maintainability of test cases.

5. Since selenium is a freeware tool, there is no direct support if one is n trouble with the support of the application.

6. Bitmap comparisons is not supported by selenium.

7. Any reporting related capabilities, you need to depend on third partytools.

8. You need to learn any one of native language like(.Net,Java,Perl,Python,PHP,RUBY) to work effectively.

9. Difficult to identify dynamic objects.

10. Working with frames.

11 . Selenium test playback is slow.

12. JavaScript sandbox,Flash,Applets,Silverlights and HTML’S Canvas all present problems n selenium.

13. Dealing with Popup windows: Selenium can sometimes fail to record common popups in web apps. To handle any kind of alert popup , you can apply a get Alert Function. Before actually running the script , you must import a package that can generate a WebDriver script for handling alerts. The efficient interface brings with it the following commands: void dismiss(), void accept(),getText() void sendKeys(string stringTosend).The first two basically click on the “Cancel” and “OK” BUTTONS respectively on a popup windows .

14. Timeout resulting from synchronization problem: One should ideally use selenium.IsElementPresent(locator) to verify that the object is in a loop with Thread.sleep()

15.Testing Flash app: To automate flash apps with selenium, one can use Flex Monkium.The application source code must be compiled with the swc files generated by Flex Monkium. Then the app and the selenium IDE are connected, and the tests can be recorded

16. Unexpected error launching Internet Explorer: Browser zoom level should be set to 100% by default for the IE browser to overcome this error.

17. Protected Mode: must be set to the same value error occurs when trying to run selenium WebDriver on a fresh Windowsmachine.This issue can be fixed by using capabilities as below when launching IE.

18. Cross browser tesing issues.

19.Ajax Compenents.

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TestNG

1. What is TestNG?

TestNG is a testing framework designed to simply a broad of testing needs, from unit testing to integrate testing.

2. What are the advantages of TestNG?

· TestNG provides parallel execution test method.

· It allows to define dependency of one test method over other method.

· It allows to assign priority to Test methods.

· It allows grouping of test methods in to test groups

· It has support of parameterzing test cases using @parameter annotation

· It allows data driven testing using @Data provider annotation

· It has different assertions that helps in checking the expected and actual results

· Detailed HTML reports.

· Testing Listeners

3. What are the Annotations available in TestNG?

@BeforeTest

@AfterTest

@BeforeClass

@AfterClass

@BeforeMethod

@AfterMethod

@BeforeSuite

@BeforeGroups

@AfterGroups

@Test

4. Can you arrange the below testing.xml tags parent to child?

<test>

<suite>

<class>

The correct order of the TestNG tags are as follows:

<suite>

<Test>

<class>

5. How to create and run testing.xml?

In TestingNG framework, we need to create testing.xml file to create and handle multiple test classes. We do configure our test run, set test dependency, include or exclude any test, method, class or package and set priority etc in the XML file.

6. What is the important of testing .xml file?

In a selenium TestNG project , we use testing.xml file to configure the complete test suite in a single file. Some the features are as follow:

· Testing.xml file allows to include or exclude the execution of test methods and test groups

· It allows to pass parameters to the test cases

· Allows to add group dependencies

· Allows to add priorities to the test cases

· Allows to configure parallel execution of test cases

· Allows to parameterized test cases.

7. How to pass parameter through testing.xml file to a test case?

We could define the parameters in the testing.xml file and then reference those parameters in the source file.

@Test

@parameters(“browsers”)

Public void parametizedtest(String browser){

If(browser.equals(“firefix”){

s.o.p(”open firefox browser)

if(browser.equals(“chrome”){

s.o.p(“open chrome browser)

Here , name attribute represents the parameter name and value represents the value of that parameter.

8.What is TestNG assert and list out common TestNG Assertions?

TestNG Asserts help us to verify the condition of the test in the middle of the test run. Based on the TestNG Assertions, we will consider a successful test only if it is completed the test run without throwing any exceptions.

Some of the common assertions supported by TestNG are.

· assertEqual(String actual, String Expected)

· assertEqual(Stringactual,String expected, String Message)

· assertEqual(Boolean actual, Boolean expected)

· AssertTrue(condition)

· assertTrue(condition, message)

· assertFalse(condtion)

· assertFalse(condition, message)

9. What is soft assert in TestNG?

Soft Assert collect error during @Test. Soft Assert does not throw an exception when an assert fails and would continue with the next step after the assert statement . If there is any exception and you want to throw it then you need to AssertAll() method as a last statement in the @Test and test suite again continue with the next @Test as it is.

10. What is hard assert in TestNG?

Hard Assert throws an AssertException immediately when an assert statement fails and test uite continues with the next@Test.

11. What is exception test in TestNG?

TestNG given an option for tracing the Exception handing of the code. You can verify whether a code throws the expected exception or not. The expected exception to validate while running the test case is mentioned using the expectedFunction attribute value along with @ Test annotation.

12. How to set test case priority in TestNG?

We use priority attribute to the Test@ annotations. In cas priority is not set then the test scripts execute in alphabetical order.

//TestNG interview question.

Package TestNG;

Import org.testng.annotations.*;

Public class priorityTestCase{

@Test(priority=0)

Public void testcase1(){

s.o.p(“Test case1”);

}

@Test(priority=1)

Public void testcase2(){

s.o.p(“Test case2”);

}

Output :

Testcase1

Test case2

13. What is parameterized testing in TestNG?

Parameterized tests allows developers to run the same test over and over again using different values.

· Using testing.xml

· Using data providers

14. How can we create data driven framework using TestNG?

By using @DataProvider annotation, we can create a data Driven Framework.

@DataProvider(name=’getdata’)

Public Object[] [] getData(){

Object[][]data=new object[rwocount][colcount];

Object[][]data=new Object[2][2];

Data[0][0]=”FirstUid”;

Data[0][1]=”FirstPWD”;

DATA[1][0]=”SecodUid”;

Data[1][1]-“SecondPWD”;

Return data;

15. How to run a group of test cases using TestNG?(not important)

TestNG allows you to perform sophisticated groupings of test methods. Not only can you declare that methods belongs to groups, but you can also specify groups that contain other groups. Then TestNG can be invoked and asked to include a certain setoff groups while executing another set. This gives you maximum flexibility in how you partition your tests and does not require you to recompile anything if you want to run two different sets of tests back to back

16.How to create Group of groups in TestNG?

Groups can also include in other groups. These groups are called MetaGroups. For example, You might want to define a group al that includes smoketest and functionaltest. Let’s modify out testing .xml file as follows:

</define>

<run>

</run>

</groups>

17.How to run test cases in parallel using TestNG?

We can use ‘parallel’ attribute in testing.xml to accomplish parallel test execution in TestNG.

The parallel attribute of suite tag can accept four values:

Tests----All the test cases inside <test> tag of testing.xml will run parallel.

Classes—Allthe test cases inside a java class will run parallel

Methods---All the methods with @Test annotation will execute parallel

Instance---Test cases in same instance will execute parallel but two methods of two different instances will run in different thread.

18. How to exclude a particular test method from a test case execution?

By adding Exclude tag in the testing.xml

</methods>

</class>

</classes>

19.How to exclude a particular test group from a test case execution?

By adding the exclude tag in the testing.xml

<run>

</run>

</groups>

20.How to disable a test case in TestNG?

To disable a test case we use a parameter enabled=false to the @Test annotation

@Test(enabled=false)

21.How to skip a @Testmethod from execution in Test NG?

By using throw new SkipException()

Once SkipException() thrown, remaining part of that test method will not be executed and control will goes directly to next test method execution.

22.How to ignore test case in TestNG?

To ignore the test case we use the parameter enabled =false to the @Test annotations

@Test(enabled=false)

23.How TestNG allows to state dependencies?

TestNG allows two ways to declare the dependencies

Using attributes dependsOnMethods in @Test annotation. And using attributes dependsOnGroups in @Test annotations

24.What are the different ways to produce reports for TestNG Actions?

TestNG offers two ways to produce reports

Listeners implements the interface org.testing.ITestListener and are notified in real time of when a test stats, passes, fails etc.,

Reporters implement the interface org.testig.IReporter and are notified when all the suites have been run by TestNG. The IReporter instance receives a list of objects that describes the entire test run.

25.What is the use of @Listenerannotation in TestNG?

TestNG LISTENERS are used to configure reports and logging.One of the most widely used listeners in TestNG is ITestListenerinteface. It has methods like onTestStart, onTestSuccess, onTestFailure,onTestSkipped etc., We should implement this interface creating a listener class of our own . Next we should add the listeners annotations(@Listener) in the class which we created.

26.How to write regular expressios in testing.xml file to search @TestMethods containing “Smoke”keyword.

Regular expressions to find @Test Methods containing Keyword “smoke” is as mentioned below.

</methods>

27.What is the time unit we specify in test suites and test cases?

We specify the time unit in test suites and test cases is in milliseconds.

28.List out various ways in which TestNG can be invoked?

· Using Eclipse IDE

· Using ant built tool

· From the command line

· Using Intelli’s IDEA

29.How to run TestNG using command prompt?

C:test

Java c://testing.jar test.java

30. What is the use of @Test(invocationCount=x)

The invocationcount attribute tells how many times TestNG shoul run a test method @Test(invocationcount=10)

Public void testcase1(){

In this method testcase1 will ne invoked 10 times

31. what is the use of @Test(threadpoolsize=x)?

The ThreadPoolSize attribute tells to form a thread pool to run thetest method through multiplpe threads.

Note:This attribute is ignored if invocationcount is not specified

@Test(ThreadPoolSize=3,<code class =’plain’>invocationcount=</code><code class=”value”>10</code>public void testcase1(){

In this example the method testcase1 wii be invoked from thee different methods

32.What does the test timeout mean in TestNG?

The maximum numberof millisecondsa test case should take.

@Test(ThreadPoolSize=3,invocationcount=10,timeout=10000)

Oublic void testcase1(){

In this example, the method testcase will be invked ten times from three different threads. Additionoally , a time out of ten seconds guarantees that none of the threads will blocj on this thread forever.

33.What are @Factory and @DataProvider annotations?

@Factory:A factory will execute all the test ethods present inside a test class using a separate instance of the respective class with different setof data.

@DataProvider: Atest method that uses DataProvider will be executed the specific methodsmultiple number of times based on the data provide by the DataProvide. The Test methods will be excuting using the same instance of the test class to which the test methods belongs.

================================================================================

Pros and Cons of selenium WebDriver.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Open Source.

2. Supports multiple languages Java c# .net python perl ruby php javascript

3. Supports all platforms/os Windows,MAC OS,Linux,Unix

4. Cross browser testing Chrome,Firefox,Safari,IE Opera

5. Head less browsers PhatomJS HTMLunitDriver Chrome HeadLess

6. Can be integrated with any open source unit testing framework TestNG Junit

7. BDD Frameworks Cucumber,JBehave,Serenity

8. Light Weight

9. Availablein the form of APIs

10. Easily integrated with CI—CD process, Jenkins

11. Can be executed on local machines as well as Cloud/VM/Servers/BrowserStack SauceLabs AWS Docker

12. Customize WebDriver codebase—soure code will be shared

13. Wrappers:Appium,Protractor,Watir,Robot Framework.

Cons:

====

1 .As it is Open Source , So no direct Support

2.You need to learn programming—No Srciptless or codeless automation

3. No Desktop app Automation support

4.no report for test results

5. for any extra work:test case designing,report,build,CI-CD

6. NO BAR CODE/NOCAPTCHA

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